Farringdon Road, EC1R

Farringdon Road is a road in Clerkenwell and Finsbury.

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The construction of Farringdon Road, which took almost 20 years between the 1840s and the 1860s, is considered one of the greatest urban engineering achievements of the 19th century. Not only was it one of the first engineered multi-lane roads, but it also buried the River Fleet in a system of underground tunnels, solving one of London’s most daunting sanitary problems. Its construction also included the building of the world’s first stretch of underground railway, a branch of the Metropolitan Railway that later became part of the London Underground running beneath Farringdon Road from King’s Cross St. Pancras into the City at Farringdon.

Like Clerkenwell Road and Rosebery Avenue, it had an enormous impact on the terrain, not just as a new route and topographical boundary across a tortuously laid out district, but also in bringing about wholesale redevelopment of the building fabric. With the making of the road some of the worst social and sanitary blots were erased from the local map, and opportunities provided for the erection of commercial premises on a large scale, transforming the economic and architectural character of the western fringe of Clerkenwell.

This transformation was neither smooth nor speedy. There were several contributory factors, the most important being the lack of a single executive body to carry out the project, widely recognised as a thoroughly desirable one. The creation of the southern half of the road, from Farringdon Street in the City to Clerkenwell Green, took from 1841 to 1856, and this after years of proposals and preparations. The other half, not strictly a new road but a reconstruction of most of Coppice Row and part of Bagnigge Wells Road, was built in the 1860s in conjunction with the cut-and-cover work for the Metropolitan Railway. The underground railway, and additional mainline tracks from King’s Cross, continued southwards in a cutting alongside Farringdon Road, necessitating a series of bridges for the side streets and one crossing of the railway lines.

For years, Farringdon Road was characterized by the wasteland of cleared sites and shored-up houses through which it passed. Building development, mostly for manufacturing and warehousing, but with some block dwellings, terrace-houses and pubs, did not begin until the mid-1860s and continued into the late 1880s. Essentially utilitarian, the big new mercantile buildings were, if seldom individually adventurous in style, imposing en masse. Despite considerable reconstruction since the Second World War, Farringdon Road retains much of this first generation commercial development.

The construction of Farringdon Road necessitated the removal of the Fleet Market that had been built in 1736 above the course of the River Fleet. North of the market was Hockley-in-the-Hole (around Ray Street Bridge), an area notorious for bear-baiting and similar activities.

Amongst the notable buildings on Farringdon Road are the former headquarters of The Guardian newspaper at No. 119, the so-called Zeppelin Building at No. 61 built in 1917 after a Zeppelin raid during World War I, and the western side of Smithfield Market.

A notorious building on Farringdon Road was the Farringdon Road Buildings, a five-tenement block of dwellings built for the working classes during the Victorian era. Lacking bathrooms and with poor sanitary conditions this building, one of the last slum dwellings to exist in central London, was still occupied until the early 1970s. Common features were poor lighting, overcrowding, with rat- and cockroach-infested living conditions, and people trapped by their own poverty. The residents were re-housed by Islington Borough Council and the buildings, close to Exmouth Market and the Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office, were pulled down in the mid-1970s to be replaced by a multi-storey car park. A contemporary description of the buildings is given in George Gissing’s novel ’The Nether World’.

Today, Farringdon Road is part of the A201 route connecting King’s Cross to Elephant and Castle. It goes southeast from King’s Cross, crossing Roseberry Avenue, then turns south, crossing Clerkenwell Road before going past Farringdon station. It finishes on the border between the City of London, the London Borough of Camden and the London Borough of Islington, at a junction with Charterhouse Street. Its line continues into the City as Farringdon Street.

Source: Search | British History Online

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Post by LDNnews: Russell Square
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Post by LDNnews: Ruislip Gardens
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Post by LDNnews: Camden Town

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	VIEW THE FINSBURY AREA IN THE 1750s The 1750 Rocque map is bounded by Sudbury (NW), Snaresbrook (NE), Eltham (SE) and Hampton Court (SW). Outside these bounds, the 1750 map does not display.
	VIEW THE FINSBURY AREA IN THE 1800s The 1800 mapping is bounded by Stanmore (NW), Woodford (NE), Bromley (SE) and Hampton Court (SW). Outside these bounds, the 1800 map does not display.
	VIEW THE FINSBURY AREA IN THE 1830s The 1830 mapping is bounded by West Hampstead (NW), Hackney (NE), Greenwich (SE) and Chelsea (SW). Outside these bounds, the 1830 map does not display.
	VIEW THE FINSBURY AREA IN THE 1860s The 1860 mapping is bounded by Brent Cross (NW), Stratford (NE), Greenwich (SE) and Hammermith (SW). Outside these bounds, the 1860 map does not display.
	VIEW THE FINSBURY AREA IN THE 1900s The 1900 mapping covers all of the London area.

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Finsbury

LOCATIONS ON THE UNDERGROUND MAP

Central School of Ballet:   Central School of Ballet is a classical ballet school based in London, with students from countries all over the world.
Exmouth Market:   Exmouth Market is an outdoor street market of 32 stalls.
Farringdon:   Farringdon station - the terminus for the very first underground railway in 1863 - is a London Underground and National Rail station in Clerkenwell, just north of the City of London in the London Borough of Islington. It will change significantly when it becomes an important interchange station between the two largest transport infrastructure programmes currently under way in London, the Thameslink Programme and Crossrail, both of which are scheduled for completion in 2018.
Maison Novelli:   Maison Novelli was a restaurant in Clerkenwell, Central London, located opposite the Old Session House.
Middlesex Sessions House:   The Former Middlesex Session(s) House or the Old Sessions House is a large building on Clerkenwell Green.
New River Head:   The New River Head is an area of great historic interest, having been in continuous use for the provision of fresh public water since the early 17th century.
St John Clerkenwell:   St John Clerkenwell is a former parish church in Clerkenwell, now used as the chapel of the modern Order of St John.
St Peter’s Italian Church:   St. Peter’s Italian Church is a Basilica-style church located in Holborn.

NEARBY STREETS AND BUILDINGS ON THE UNDERGROUND MAP

Albemarle Way, EC1V · Amwell Street, EC1R · Ashby Street, EC1V · Atkin Building, WC1R · Attneave Street, EC1R · Aylesbury Street, EC1R · Back Hill, EC1R · Backhill, EC1R · Bakers Row, EC1R · Bakers Yard, EC1R · Baldwin Gardens, EC1N · Baldwins Gardens, EC1N · Baldwins Gardens, WC1X · Berry Place, EC1V · Berry Street, EC1V · Bowlin, EC1R · Bowling Green Lane, EC1R · Brownlow Mews, WC1N · Buildings, EC1R · Calthorpe Street, WC1X · Catherine Griffiths Court, EC1R · Charles Rowan House, WC1X · Clerkenwell Close, EC1R · Clerkenwell Green, EC1R · Clerkenwell Greennorth Holborn, EC1R · Clerkenwell Road, EC1N · Clerkenwell Road, EC1R · Coldbath Square, EC1R · Compton Street, EC1V · Cornwell House, EC1R · Corporation Row, EC1R · Crawford Passage, EC1R · Cubitt Street, WC1X · Cyrus Street, EC1V · Dallington Street, EC1V · Easton Street, WC1X · Elm Street, WC1X · Exmouth Market, EC1R · Eyre St Hill, EC1R · Eyre Street Hill, EC1R · Farringdon Lane, EC1R · Farringdon Road, EC1M · Farringdon Road, EC1R · Finsbury Estate, EC1R · Fleet Square, WC1X · Frederick Street, WC1X · Gard Street, EC1V · Gloucester Way, EC1R · Goswell Road, EC1V · Gough Street, WC1X · Granville Square, WC1X · Granville Street, WC1X · Grays Inn Road, WC1X · Grays Inn Square, WC1R · Grays Inn, WC1X · Greville St Hatton Garden, EC1N · Hardwick Street, EC1R · Hatton Garden, EC1N · Hatton Place, EC1N · Hatton Square, EC1N · Hatton Wall, EC1N · Hatton, EC1N · Heton Gardens, NW4 · Jerusalem Passage, EC1V · Joseph Close, N4 · Joseph Trotter Close, EC1R · Kings Cross Road, WC1X · Kings Mews, WC1N · Kingsway Place, EC1R · Kirby Street, EC1N · Langton Close, WC1X · Laystall Street, EC1R · Leather Lane, EC1N · Lloyd Baker Street, WC1X · Lloyd Square, WC1X · Lloyd Street, WC1X · Lloyds Row, EC1R · Macclesfield Road, EC1V · Manningford Close, EC1V · Margery Street, WC1X · Masons Place, EC1V · Meredith Street, EC1R · Mora Street, EC1V · Moreland Street, EC1V · Mount Pleasant, WC1X · Mount Plesant, WC1X · Myddelton Passage, EC1R · Myddelton Street, EC1R · Naoroji Street, WC1X · New House, EC1N · North Mews, WC1N · Northampton Road, EC1R · Northampton Square, EC1V · Northburgh Street, EC1V · Pakenham Street, WC1X · Pardon Street, EC1V · Paton Street, EC1V · Pear Tree Court, EC1R · Percival Street, EC1V · Percy Circus, WC1X · Phoenix Place, EC3N · Phoenix Place, WC1X · Pine Street, EC1R · Pooles Buildings, EC1R · Portpool Lane, EC1N · Prideaux Place, WC1X · Rawstorne Place, EC1V · Rawstorne Street, EC1V · Ray Street, EC1R · Regent Square, WC1N · River Street, EC1R · Rosebery Avenue, EC1 · Rosebery Avenue, EC1R · Rosebery Court, EC1R · Rosebery House, EC1R · Rosebery Square, EC1R · Rosoman Place, EC1R · Rosoman Street, EC1R · Saffron Hill, EC1N · Sans Walk, EC1R · Sans Works, EC1R · Scotswood Street, EC1R · Sebastian Street, EC1V · Skinner Street, EC1R · Spafield Street, EC1R · Spencer Street, EC1V · St Cross Street, EC1M · St Cross Street, EC1N · St Jamess Walk, EC1R · St John Street, EC1M · St John Street, EC1V · St Johns Square, EC1M · St Johns Square, EC1V · St. Helena Street, WC1X · St. John Street, EC1V · Summers Street, EC1R · Tompion Street, EC1V · Topham Street, EC1R · Tysoe Street, EC1R · Vernon Rise, WC1X · Verulam Street, WC1X · Vine Hill, EC1R · Wakley Street, EC1V · Warner Street, EC1R · Warner Yard, EC1R · Wells Square, WC1X · Wharton Street, WC1X · Wilmington Square, WC1X · Wren Street, WC1X · Wyclif Street, EC1V · Wynyatt St, EC1V · Wynyatt Street, EC1V · Yardley Street, WC1X ·

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	Central London, north east (1901) FREE DOWNLOAD Central London, north east. Stanford's Geographical Establishment. London : Edward Stanford, 26 & 27, Cockspur St., Charing Cross, S.W. (1901)
	Cruchley's New Plan of London (1848) FREE DOWNLOAD Cruchley's New Plan of London Shewing all the new and intended improvements to the Present Time. - Cruchley's Superior Map of London, with references to upwards of 500 Streets, Squares, Public Places & C. improved to 1848: with a compendium of all Place of Public Amusements also shewing the Railways & Stations. G. F. Cruchley
	Cary's New And Accurate Plan of London and Westminster (1818) FREE DOWNLOAD Cary's map provides a detailed view of London. With print date of 1 January 1818, Cary's map has 27 panels arranged in 3 rows of 9 panels, each measuring approximately 6 1/2 by 10 5/8 inches. The complete map measures 32 1/8 by 59 1/2 inches. Digitising this map has involved aligning the panels into one contiguous map. John Cary
	John Rocque Map of London (1762) FREE DOWNLOAD John Rocque (c. 1709–1762) was a surveyor, cartographer, engraver, map-seller and the son of Huguenot émigrés. Roque is now mainly remembered for his maps of London. This map dates from the second edition produced in 1762. London and his other maps brought him an appointment as cartographer to the Prince of Wales in 1751. His widow continued the business after his death. The map covers central London at a reduced level of detail compared with his 1745-6 map. John Rocque, The Strand, London
	Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1843) FREE DOWNLOAD Engraved map. Hand coloured. Chapman and Hall, London
	Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1836) FREE DOWNLOAD Engraved map. Hand coloured. Insets: A view of the Tower from London Bridge -- A view of London from Copenhagen Fields. Includes views of facades of 25 structures "A comparison of the principal buildings of London." Chapman and Hall, London
	Environs of London (1832) FREE DOWNLOAD Engraved map. Hand coloured. Relief shown by hachures. A circle shows "Extent of the twopenny post delivery." Chapman and Hall, London
	London Underground Map (1921). FREE DOWNLOAD London Underground map from 1921. London Transport
	The Environs of London (1865). FREE DOWNLOAD Prime meridian replaced with "Miles from the General Post Office." Relief shown by hachures. Map printed in black and white. Published By J. H. Colton. No. 172 William St. New York
	London Underground Map (1908). FREE DOWNLOAD London Underground map from 1908. London Transport
	Ordnance Survey of the London region (1939) FREE DOWNLOAD Ordnance Survey colour map of the environs of London 1:10,560 scale Ordnance Survey. Crown Copyright 1939.
	Outer London (1901) FREE DOWNLOAD Outer London shown in red, City of London in yellow. Relief shown by hachures. Stanford's Geographical Establishment. London : Edward Stanford, 26 & 27, Cockspur St., Charing Cross, S.W. (1901)

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