The court was named for the nearby Adam and Eve tavern.
Medieval mystery and morality plays were acted in inn-yards on holy days, often beginning with the story of Adam and Eve.
Many such inns adopted a signboard with their distinctive costume. An Adam & Eve stood in the fields about 50 yards behind Oxford Street, approached from the road by a little lane which was built up and named Adam & Eve Court in the 1720s.
The Adam and Eve tavern survived until about 1746 when the new competitive environment overtook it and survival became impossible. In the same year, houses began to spring up along the lane, heralding the transformation from rural to urban, and Adam and Eve Court came into life.