Turnpike Lane station was designed by Charles Holden and is an example of the modernist house style of London Transport in the 1930s. Like the other stations on the Cockfosters extension, Turnpike Lane set new aesthetic standards for the Underground. It was the first Underground station to be built in the Borough of Tottenham and was located at the meeting point of the then boroughs of Tottenham, Hornsey and Wood Green. It was listed at Grade II in 1994.

Two of the street entrances originally gave access to tram routes to and from Alexandra Palace. The trams were withdrawn in 1938 and replaced by buses - these continued to use the tram islands until 1968. By the 1990s the bus station was deemed too small and a new bus station was built which involved demolishing an adjacent cinema.

During the planning period for the extension to Cockfosters, two alternate names for this station, North Harringay and Ducketts Green were considered.

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